Rectifier



RECTIFIER Filed Oct. 21, 1927 Patented May 3, 1932 UNITED STATES MAXSGIII ESSER, OF BADEN, SWITZERLAND, ASSIGNOE 'IO AKTIENGESELLSCHAF'I.BROWN BOVERI & CIE., OF BADEN, SWI'I'ZERLAND, A JOINT-STOCK COMIANY OFSWITZERLAND RECTIFIER Applcaton filed October 21, 1927, Serial No.

This invention re1ates to improvements in rectifiers of the meta1 vapourtype, and more particularly to the construction and arrangement of thecooling means for the anodes thereof.

It is common practice in metal vapeur rectifier constructon to providecoo1ing means for the .purpose of limiting the maximum temperatureattained hy the anodes so that the va1ve action is maintained and thetendency for occurrence of back-ignition is substantially reduced. Suchcooling means has heretofore consisted of a water jacket disposed aboutthe inactive part of each anode, the amount of heat carried oi dependingon the rate of circulation of the cooling water through the jacket andthe radiating effect of the latter. VVith respect to such radiatingeffect, it has been founrl and recognized that the same is increasedsubstantially by giving to the cooling jackets such form and relativedisposition as to induce appreciable draught or movement of the air intheir vicinity to accordingly make as high as possible the coeflicientof heat transmission or radiation, this coefficient being the constantrepresenting the number of calories passing from the radiating surfaceof the coo1ing jacket to the surrounding air per unit of time, per unitarea of radiating surface, per degree centigrae difierence between therespective temperatures of the radiating surface and the surroundingair. It has been proposed to arrange the cooling jackets, in rectifiersconstructed heretofore, in such manner that adjacent jackets are spacedfrom each other in such manner that the spaces between the same provideventilating chimneys which act to induce draught and' consequentmovement of the surrounding coo1ing air. In these prior constructions,the cooling jackets have been circular or oval in cross section, andhave on1y been eiective to provide for a relatively 10W coeflicient ofheat transmission for the reason that their cross section provides foronly a very limited portion of their adj acent surfaces being in closeproximity to form the ventilating chimneys. Jackets of this type useheretofore, furthermore, when associated or used with anodes ar-227,654, and in Germany November 1, 1926.

rangecl in circular ormation, have the additional serous disacivantagein that they inadequately utilize the available space.

One of the objects of the present invention,

therefore, is to provide an improved rectitime permitting of betterutilization of the available space in cases such as when the anodes arearranged in circular formation.

Other objects and advantages wi11 hereinafter appear.

According to the present inventon, the coo1ing jackets for the anodesare made wedge-shape in cross section t0 permit of hetter utilization ofthe availabie space and the provision of more eflicent ventilating chimneys hetween adjacent jackets than has been possible heretofore. WVhenthe anodes are arranged in circular formation, the narrow 01 thin edgesof the jackets are directed inwardly toward the center, the crosssection and taper of the jackets being s0 chosen that the flat adjacentsurfaces of the jackets are in sufficiently close proximity te eachother to provide chimneys having a high ventilating or draught effect.In cases where the anodes are arranged in two concentric circles, thecooiing jackets in both circles are similarly arranged With their narrowedges directed inwardly toward the center, or as an alternative, thecooiing jackets associated. With the anodes in the outer circle arearranged with their narrow edges directed inwardiy while the jacketsassociated with the anodes in the inner circ1e are arranged With theirnarrow edges directed outwardly so that when the number 0 anodes in eachcirc1e is the same and the anodes in the two circles arrangecl instaggered relation, the inner and outer Wedgeshaped cooling jacketsinterfit with each other to provide the ventilating chimneys betweenadjacent jackets.

For the purpose of illustrating the invention, several emhodimentsthereof have been shown in the drawings wherein Figure 1 is an outlineplan view of a rectifier embocly ing the present improvements; and

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, sho-wing a modification.

In F1g. 1, reference characters a en, a

' a denote the twelve anodes of a metal vapeur rectifier arranged incircular formation in the top plate or cover thereof, each anode beingsurroundeol, as inclicatecl, by a coolng jacket of weclge-shape crosssection,the jackets being so arrangecl that the narrow edges there= ofor, in other words, the narrow encls of the sections are directedinwardly toward the center, the respectve jackets being olesgnatecl bythe reference charzcters 0 0 0 ,-c The distance d between the. acljacent flat surfaces of the jackets is relatively small, as inclcated,tl1e opposite or acljacent fiat surfaces being parallel to form a neliicient ventilating chinoney capable of givng a strong vertical.draught, ancl accorolingly provcling for a coefiicient of heattransmisson of the jackeusor cooling means Whch is substantially h1gherthan such coeffic1ent of the cool1ng jackets sed heretofore and referredto above.

In F ig. 2, twelve anocles are also shown, the anodes, however, beingarrangecl in two concentric circles with the anodes a to a in the innercrcle equal in nmber to and arranged in staggered relation wth respectto the anocles a to a in the outer circle. In

the arrangement as sho-wn in Fig. 2, the cool- 1ng aclets 0 to 0assoc1atecl W1th the 1nner anooes are arranged with the narrow encls oftheir wedge-shapecl sections directecl outwardly, while the jackets 0 to0 assocated with the Outer anocles are arranged with the narrow ends oftheir weclge-shaped sections directed nwarclly wherebythe respectiveinner and outer jackets interfit with each other to provicle ventlatngchimneys between their adjacent fiat surfaces.

mission of the coolingmeans than has been present or in fact usetlheretofore.

Several embod1ments of the invent1on have possible in constructions beenshown arid described, but of coursevarons changes might bemacle withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

The nvention claimecl is:

1. In a metal vapeur rectfier, a sup]gorting plate, anodes circularlymounted thereon, and

cooling jackets dspos e d about saicl anodes and loeng of wedge-shapecross section to provide flat angularly disposed radiating surfaces,certain of saicl jackets loeing mounted with the narrow ends of suchsections directecl inwarclly towarcl l1e center of saicl plate, adjacent jackets being mountecl With their respective. flat surfacesclisposed opposite each other in relatively close proximity to formVentilating chmneys between the adjacent jackets.

2. In a metal vapour rectifier, a support ng plate, anodes mounted onsaicl plate in two substantially concentric circles, the re- SJGCVGanocles in tl1e outer and inner circles being 1ncunted in staggeredrelation, and cooling;jackets clsposed about said anocles ancl beingweclge-shape in cross section, tl1e jackets S1111C111C111g (he enteranodes being mountecl wit-h tl1e narrow ends of such SUIJ,

tiens directed i nwardly toward the center of sa d plate the jacketssurrounding the nner anocles be1ng mountecl W1th such-sectionsclirected. outwarclly fron1 sa1cl center, sa1cljackets loeing arrangeclwith "heir respective acl- }acent surraces 1D. relat1vely close proxmtyte form ventilatingchimneysbetween tl1e acljacent jackets. g

3. The combinaticn with ametal vapeur rectifier having anodes, ofcooling jackets weclge-shage in cross section clisposecl about saidanocles and 1nountecl wth heir respectve acljacent surfaces inrelatively close proximity to form ventilatng chimneys be tween theacljacent jackets,

In testimony whereofI have hereunto subscribed my name this 7 day ofOctober, A.

MAX SCHIESSER.

